Computer Viruses

What is a Computer Virus ?
A potentially damaging computer programme capable of reproducing itself causing great harm to files or other programs without permission or knowledge of the user.
Types of viruses :-
The different types of viruses are as follows-

1) Boot Sector Virus :- Boot sector viruses infect either the master boot record of the hard disk or the floppy drive. The boot record program responsible for the booting of operating system is replaced by the virus. The virus either copies the master boot program to another part of the hard disk or overwrites it. They infect a computer when it boots up or when it accesses the infected floppy disk in the floppy drive. i.e. Once a system is infected with a boot-sector virus, any non-write-protected disk accessed by this system will become infected.

Examples of boot- sector viruses are Michelangelo and Stoned.

2) File or Program Viruses :- Some files/programs, when executed, load the virus in the memory and perform predefined functions to infect the system. They infect program files with extensions like .EXE, .COM, .BIN, .DRV and .SYS .

Some common file viruses are Sunday, Cascade.

3) Multipartite Viruses :- A multipartite virus is a computer virus that infects multiple different target platforms, and remains recursively infective in each target. It attempts to attack both the boot sector and the executable, or programs, files at the same time. When the virus attaches to the boot sector, it will in turn affect the system’s files, and when the virus attaches to the files, it will in turn infect the boot sector.
This type of virus can re-infect a system over and over again if all parts of the virus are not eradicated.

Ghostball was the first multipartite virus, discovered by Fridrik Skulason in October 1989.
Other examples are Invader, Flip, etc.

4) Stealth Viruses :- These viruses are stealthy in nature means it uses various methods for hiding themselves to avoid detection. They sometimes remove themselves from the memory temporarily to avoid detection by antivirus. They are somewhat difficult to detect. When an antivirus program tries to detect the virus, the stealth virus feeds the antivirus program a clean image of the file or boot sector.

5) Polymorphic Viruses :- Polymorphic viruses have the ability to mutate implying that they change the viral code known as the signature each time they spread or infect. Thus an antivirus program which is scanning for specific virus codes unable to detect it's presense.

6) Macro Viruses :- A macro virus is a computer virus that "infects" a Microsoft Word or similar application and causes a sequence of actions to be performed automatically when the application is started or something else triggers it. Macro viruses tend to be surprising but relatively harmless.A macro virus is often spread as an e-mail virus. Well-known examples are Concept Virus and Melissa Worm.

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HOW TO CRACK ANY TYPE OF CD PROTECTION

Using W32Dasm, and HIEW. 

OK, let’s start:
First of all, you have to run the damn game you want to crack, without the CD.
The game, doesn’t work of course, (Please, don’t panic) BUT a window pops up, telling you an error message. 
This error message will help you to crack the game so, you’ve got to remember it.
For example: Please insert the - CD, or: You need the CD to play the - . 
( -, is the game you want to crack). Anyway, if you are so idiot and you can’t remember it, write it, in a little piece of paper.
Now, run Win32Dasm, and on the toolbar, press the first little button on the left, OR, go to Disassembler ->Open file to Disassemble. A menu will pop up. Select the exe which you want to crack. The disassemble, will take few minutes so, I suggest you, to go for shitting. 

OK, it finished its process. 
Now, in your screen, there is a strange text, and we can’t understand anything of course. Don’t worry, the only thing we have to do, ( If you want, you can change the font), is to click on the String Data References, the button next to the print button (Strn.REF). 
You can see a window which is called String Data Items. Scroll down, and try to find the game’s error message. When you’ll find it, double click on it, and then, close the window, to go back to the Win32Dasm text. 
As you can see you are somewhere in the CD check routine. This is the message’s place. Now comes the interesting and difficult part, so, be careful. 
We don’t know what all these shits mean, BUT we must know the @ offset of every call and jump command.
Write down, every call and jump @ offset number. (You have to be sure, that the OPBAR change its used color to green). You need the number behind the @offset without the h. Let’s go to HIEW, now.

HIEW:
To move up and down, use the cursor keys. Start HIEW. exe. 
In the HIEW directory, there is a list of exes and programs. Go to the directory, which you saved the game’s exe, we want to crack, and click on the exe. Click F4, and then, a menu will pop up, with 3 words. Text, Hex, and Decode. Click on Decode, and now, we can understand the list of numbers.
Click F5, and you can now enter the number, we wrote down, in Win32Dasm. Type it, and you will be placed at the number’s place. The cursor is placed on a command. 

Before I’ll continue, I want to explain you something. For example, if the command where our cursor is placed on, is E92BF9BF74, means that it is 5 bytes.
Every 2 numbers, are one byte: E9-2B-F9-BF-74 = 90-90-90-90-90. 10 letters, mean, 5 bytes. 
OK, if you understood it, you can continue. 

Press F3, which means edit, and now you can edit these ten numbers.
Type five times, the number 90. For every byte, 90. Now click on F10 to exit.
We cracked the CD protection